Rotstocks and wáter regime impact on plant physiological and molecular response [Dataset]

This dataset comprises comprehensive physiological, hydraulic, thermal, molecular, and metabolic measurements collected from Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo grapevines grafted onto two widely used rootstocks (1103P and 161‑49C) and exposed to contrasting water regimes (irrigated vs. drought) during a naturally occurring extreme heatwave. Data were recorded in a commercial vineyard across three independent sampling days in which severe water stress was verified. For each day, diurnal measurements of gas exchange, intrinsic water‑use efficiency, leaf water potential, and air and leaf temperatures were obtained at five time points. Leaf samples were additionally harvested for quantification of abscisic acid, carbohydrates, and the expression of aquaporin genes. The dataset provides raw, high‑resolution field data that capture the combined effects of rootstock genotype and water availability on the physiological and molecular functioning of grapevines under extreme climatic conditions.