兔瘟病毒2型与经典兔瘟病毒病原特性差异分析

兔瘟，又称兔病毒性出血症（rabbit hemorrhagic disease，RHD），是由嵌杯病毒科（Caliciviridae）兔病毒属（Lagovirus）兔出血症病毒（rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus，RHDV）引起家兔的一种急性、高度致死性传染病。1984年我国首次报道RHD后，世界很多国家相继报道RHD的发生和流行[1]。 2020年4月，我国四川省某养兔场发生疑似RHD疫情，兔死亡率约为73.3%，经红细胞凝集试验、RT-PCR及测序分析等，确定该病原为兔出血症病毒2型（RHDV2），这是在我国首次发现的RHDV2型毒株[2]。RHDV2的感染病例由法国于2010年4月首次报道，导致家养和野生兔群的大面积感染死亡[3]。该病毒在不到一年的时间内传播到南欧。其次是北欧国家（即葡萄牙、意大利和西班牙等）和一些岛屿如亚速尔群岛（葡萄牙）。2015年，在澳大利亚、非洲与其他欧洲国家被发现，次年RHDV2在加拿大被发现，并继续在欧洲传播。在欧洲首次发现该病毒仅6年后，RHDV2在美洲和大洋洲出现（图1）[4]。至2018年11月，全球共报道133例RHDV2疫情。RHDV2严重影响各国养兔业发展，造成巨大的经济损失，同时还导致全球野兔种群数量的急剧减少，破坏生态平衡，给人类社会、民众健康带来严重的负面影响。

Rabbit plague, also known as rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD), is an acute and highly fatal infectious disease of domestic rabbits caused by rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), which belongs to the genus Lagovirus under the family Caliciviridae. Following the first report of RHD in China in 1984, outbreaks and epidemics of RHD have been successively reported in many countries worldwide [1]. In April 2020, a suspected RHD outbreak occurred in a rabbit farm in Sichuan Province, China, with a rabbit mortality rate of approximately 73.3%. Through tests including hemagglutination assay, RT-PCR and sequencing analyses, the pathogen was identified as rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus type 2 (RHDV2), which was the first RHDV2 strain discovered in China [2]. Cases of RHDV2 infection were first reported in France in April 2010, causing large-scale infections and deaths in domestic and wild rabbit populations [3]. The virus spread to Southern Europe within less than a year, followed by Nordic countries (i.e., Portugal, Italy, Spain, etc.) and some islands such as the Azores (Portugal). In 2015, it was detected in Australia, Africa and other European countries. The following year, RHDV2 was discovered in Canada and continued to spread across Europe. Only six years after the first detection of the virus in Europe, RHDV2 emerged in the Americas and Oceania (Figure 1) [4]. As of November 2018, a total of 133 RHDV2 outbreaks had been reported globally. RHDV2 has severely hindered the development of the rabbit breeding industry in various countries, causing massive economic losses. Meanwhile, it has led to a sharp decline in global wild rabbit populations, disrupted ecological balance, and imposed severe negative impacts on human society and public health.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于兔瘟病毒2型（RHDV2）与经典兔瘟病毒的病原特性差异分析，基于基因组测序数据，包含2个样本和1个病毒序列，旨在研究RHDV2的首次中国发现及其全球传播影响。数据来自四川农业大学，发布于2020年，支持农业相关研究，特别是兔瘟防控和病毒进化分析。