新石器时代-青铜时代青藏高原及其周边地区遗址动植物资源利用数据集（2021）

通过对西城驿遗址、金蝉口遗址、山那树扎遗址、江西坟遗址、宗日遗址和邦嘎遗址等进行考古调查和发掘，获取了各遗址经纬度、高程、文化属性、文化遗物等基本信息；并且，对遗址发掘过程中的石制品、动植物遗存以及沉积物样品进行科学收集、鉴定和实验室分析，得到了一批遗址碳十四年代数据、孢粉数据、动物遗存骨骼单元分布鉴定数据、植物遗存鉴定数据以及相关同位素数据；同时，对青藏高原及其周边地区相关动植物遗存及同位素进行了整理。基于自然地理因子和不同时期遗址点，在最低成本的控制下实现节点间累积联结的方法，使用GIS（R语言）工具进行空间数值计算，将其结果作为史前时期（新石器—青铜时期)的交流路线。发现路线的形 态由新石器时期的东北—东部—东南—西南边缘呈月牙形环绕发展至青铜时期的由边缘延伸 至腹地呈网络化发展的趋势，这是由高原边缘的交流逐步演化成边缘—腹地的交流、并不断强化的表现。且通过采集青藏高原东部高寒草甸区共49个放牧家畜粪样品（牦牛粪 样品30个、马粪样品11个、羊粪样品8个），并在区域植被调查的基础上，对粪样品开展了花粉分析。该数据集为研究青藏高原新石器时代-青铜先民的活动历史和生业模式提供了数据支撑。

Archaeological surveys and excavations were conducted at sites including Xichengyi Site, Jinchankou Site, Shannashuzha Site, Jiangxifen Site, Zongri Site and Bangga Site, to acquire basic information such as longitude and latitude, elevation, cultural attributes and cultural relics for each site. Additionally, lithic artifacts, animal and plant remains, and sediment samples collected during the excavations were scientifically collected, identified and subjected to laboratory analysis, resulting in a suite of datasets including radiocarbon dating data, palynological data, identification data for the distribution of skeletal elements of animal remains, identification data for plant remains, and associated isotopic data. Meanwhile, relevant animal and plant remains and isotopic data from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding regions were collated. Based on physical geographic factors and site locations from different periods, the method of realizing cumulative connections between nodes under the constraint of minimum cost was applied, and spatial numerical calculations were performed using GIS (R programming language) tools, with the calculated results serving as communication routes for the prehistoric period (Neolithic-Bronze Age). It was found that the morphology of these routes evolved from a crescent-shaped encirclement along the northeastern, eastern, southeastern and southwestern peripheries during the Neolithic period to a networked pattern extending from the periphery to the interior during the Bronze Age, which reflects the gradual evolution and continuous intensification of exchanges, shifting from plateau periphery-based interactions to periphery-interior exchanges. Furthermore, a total of 49 fecal samples from grazing livestock were collected from the alpine meadow area in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, including 30 yak dung samples, 11 horse dung samples and 8 sheep/goat dung samples; based on regional vegetation surveys, pollen analysis was conducted on these fecal samples. This dataset provides data support for researching the activity history and subsistence patterns of Neolithic-Bronze Age inhabitants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.