DS1_Cliodynamics_Zenodo_Package

This repository contains all data files, Python scripts, and derived figures required to fully reproduce the analyses and results reported in the article Europe 1495–1945 as a Dissipative Structure: War Cycles, Dual Saturation, and New Insights for Cliodynamics (Piepers, 2025) and its Supplemental Material. The study treats the European great-power system between 1495 and 1945 (DS1) as a dissipative war structure with four accelerating cycles, a finite-time singularity in systemic-war cadence and severity, long-run structural tightening (population, connectedness κ, state consolidation, external control), and the dual saturation of internal integration and external expansion. All figures and tables in the main text and Supplemental Material can be regenerated from the contents of this archive. The repository is organised as a flat directory with four main components: Python scripts (analysis pipeline); Core data files (CSV); Derived figures (PNG); Manifest (integrity and verification).