Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute administration of nicotine and ethanol on tooth movement in rats. Two hundred rats were divided into eight groups: S: saline; N: nico
CRISPR gene editing and control systems continue to emerge and inspire novel research and clinical applications. Advances in CRISPR performance such as optimizing the duration of activity in cells, ti
We find that pre-crRNAs comprising a full-length direct repeat (full-DR-crRNA) sequence with specific stem-loop G-C base substitutions exhibit increased editing efficiencies compared with the standard
