Replication Data for: Regime Transformation From Below: Mobilization for Democracy and Autocracy From 1900 to 2021

Mass mobilization is an important driver of political change. While some citizens organize in favor of more democratic institutions, others take to the streets to support an authoritarian status quo. This article introduces measures of pro-democratic and pro-autocratic mass mobilization using expert assessments for 179 polities from 1900-2021. The data allow us to trace patterns in mass mobilization over time, across regions and regime types. We use this new data to systematically analyze the relationship between both types of mobilization and regime change. We confirm the findings of the literature on contentious democratic politics, and our analysis of autocratic mobilization allows us to make sense of the controversy in the literature on ``bad actors'' in civil society. We show that mass mobilization in favor of autocracy negatively affects democracy, making a case for the necessity of specifying the goals of the actors involved in contentious politics to more precisely understand their impact. The dataverse includes all data and code to reproduce all results in the main text and the appendix. Additional information on data preparation can be obtained from the authors upon request.