Vision impairment and subsequent daily activity limitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1. PRISMA 2020 Checklist 4Table 2. MOOSE Checklist 7Supplementary Material 3. Literature search strategy. 9Table 4. A list of the excluded studies and reasons for their exclusion. 13Table 5. Quality assessment and publication bias evaluation of included study using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) 16Figure 1. Forest plot of correlation between vision impairment and difficulties with activity of daily living. 18Figure 2. Forest plot of correlation between vision impairment and difficulties with instrumental activity of daily living. 19Figure 3. Forest plot of the association between vision impairment and difficulties with activity of daily living. 20Figure 4. Forest plot of the association between vision impairment and difficulties with activity of daily living using pooled SMD analysis. 21Figure 5. Forest plot of the association between vision impairment and difficulties with activity of daily living using another pooled SMD analysis. 22Figure 6. Forest plot of the association between vision impairment and difficulties with activity of daily living based on different ADL assessments. 23Figure 7. Sensitivity analysis for the association between vision impairment and difficulties with activity of daily living based on different ADL assessments. 24Figure 8. Forest plot of the association between vision impairment and difficulties with activity of daily living based on severity of vision impairment. 25Figure 9. Forest plot of the association between vision impairment and difficulties with activity of daily living based on different assessments of ADL. 26Figure 10. Forest plot of the association between vision impairment and difficulties with activity of daily living based on different vision impairment characteristics. 27Figure 11. Forest plot of the association between vision impairment and difficulties with instrumental activity of daily living. 28Figure 12. Forest plot of the association between vision impairment and difficulties with instrumental activity of daily living based on different vision assessments. 29Figure 13. Forest plot of the association between vision impairment and difficulties with instrumental activity of daily living based on severity of vision assessments. 30Figure 14. Forest plot of the association between vision impairment and difficulties with instrumental activity of daily living based on different assessments of IADL. 31Figure 15. Sensitivity analysis for the association between vision impairment and difficulties with instrumental activity of daily living based on different vision impairment characteristics. 32Figure 16. Forest plot of the association between vision impairment and difficulties with instrumental activity of daily living based on different vision impairment characteristics. 33Figure 17. Funnel plot for publication bias: ADL difficulties for people with 18-99 years. 34Figure 18. Funnel plot for publication bias: ADL difficulties for people with ≥65 years. 35Figure 19. Funnel plot for publication bias: ADL difficulties for moderate to severe vision impairment 36Figure 20. Funnel plot for publication bias: Self-reported vision impairment and ADL difficulty. 37Figure 21. Funnel plot for publication bias: Objectively measured vision impairment and ADL difficulty. 38Figure 22. Funnel plot for publication bias: Self-reported ADL difficulty and vision impairment 39Figure 23. Funnel plot for publication bias: Objectively-measurement ADL difficulty and vision impairment 40Figure 24. Funnel plot for publication bias: IADL difficulties in people with 18-99 years. 41Figure 25. Funnel plot for publication bias: ADL difficulties IADL difficulties in people with ≥65 years. 42Figure 26. Funnel plot for publication bias: Self-reported IADL difficulty and vision impairment 43Figure 27. Funnel plot for publication bias: Objectively measured IADL difficulty and vision impairment 44Figure 28. Funnel plot for publication bias: IADL difficulties for moderate to severe vision impairment 45Figure 29. Funnel plot for publication bias: Objectively measured vision impairment and IADL difficulty. 46Figure 30. Funnel plot for publication bias: Self-reported vision impairment and ADL difficulty. 47