Estradiol and creatinine values of captive female bonobos

Estradiol is known to have a variety of biological and behavioral effects, but monitoring its function is complex given the many factors influencing its variation. This necessitates large sample sizes which are challenging in captive and wild situations. This study validates the use of opportunistically collected urinary estradiol levels (E2) for use in reproductive monitoring and behavioral research in bonobos (Pan paniscus). We analyzed frozen urine samples from four Columbus Zoo adult females over four years for estradiol and creatinine concentrations (n=117). While E2 was significantly higher in pregnant vs. non-pregnant females (F=66.30, df= 1, p<0.001) it was not significantly different between lactating and regularly cycling females (F=0.40, df= 1, p=0.5304). Among the regularly cycling females, there was a significant positive regression between E2 and sexual swelling size (F= 4.43, df=1,81, p=0.0384). No differences in E2 variation were detected between individuals in this s..., Subjects for this study included four adult female bonobos housed at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium (CZA) in Columbus, Ohio, USA. Samples were collected for these individuals during the summer months of 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015. Urine samples were collected by CZA staff either by using a free catch method in which individual subjects urinated through the mesh caging directly into a collection cup, or, by pipetting urine directly off a clean floor surface into a plastic cryo-tube. All subjects had received previous training to urinate on command in exchange for a small food reward. 
Upon collection, samples were immediately frozen and stored at -20°C until they were packed on dry ice and shipped overnight to the Global Health Biomarker Lab at the University of Oregon in Eugene, OR where they were stored at -80°C until time of analysis. 
For analysis, samples were brought to room temperature and diluted (1:4) in assay buffer supplied in the 96-well Detect X® Estradiol ELISA Kit..., , # Bonobo Estradiol Data

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzh4q](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzh4q)

## Description of the data and file structure

This data contains demographic information for four female bonobos housed at the Columbus Zoo between 2012 and 2015 including age, rank, and reproductive status. Urine samples collected from these females were used to calculate estradiol and creatinine values for each sample. This data was collected for use in a UO graduate student's masters paper in which the validity of monitoring estradiol from opportunistically collected bonobo urine samples for use in reproductive monitoring and behavioral endocrinology studies was assessed. 

### Files and variables

#### File: scottondata2.csv

**Description:** Data set for assessment of estradiol levels in captive females bonobos housed at the Columbus Zoo between 2012 and 2015. 

##### Variables

* Individual (Abbreviation= names of bonobo subjects)
* AN= Ana Neema, S=Susie, U=Unga, L=Lady...,