Characterization of the HD1.

(a) Seedling phenotype of the HD1 and WT. Bar = 5 cm. (b) The HD1 and WT at 3 weeks after the heading stage. Bar = 20 cm. (c) Mature panicle and seeds of the HD1 and WT. Bottom bar = 5 cm (panicle), top bar = 5 mm (seeds). (d) Internode lengths of the HD1 and WT. The average values were calculated from measurements of at least 10 plants. (e) Parenchyma cells in the first internode in the HD1 and WT. Bars = 50 µm. (f) Quantitative measurements of the cell length and cell width of the HD1 and WT (n = 20). Data are mean±SD. Asterisks indicate a significant difference at P≤0.01 compared with the WT by Student's t test. (g) Induction of α-amylase activity by gibberellic acid (GA3) in the HD1 and WT. (h) Elongation of the second leaf sheath in the HD1 and the WT in response to GA3. Data are mean±SD (n = 10). Asterisks indicate a significant difference at P≤0.01 compared with the WT by Student's t test.