20250508_RepositoryData.xlsx

Antibiotic treatment is essential for resolving bacterial infections, but its impact on bacterial extracellular vesicle (BEV) production and downstream host responses remains underexplored. We studied how three common antibiotics affect BEV release and inflammatory signaling from two strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i> associated with urinary tract infections and meningitis. We found that BEVs from both strains activated human endothelial cells through toll-like receptor 4, and that this response was modulated by antibiotic use. In particular, meropenem altered both BEV production and pro-inflammatory potential in a strain-dependent manner. Proteomic analysis revealed that antibiotic exposure modified BEV protein content, including levels of the immunogenic lipoprotein Lpp. These results suggest that antibiotic choice can influence bacterial signaling to the host via vesicles in a strain-dependent manner. Understanding how antibiotics reshape vesicle-mediated communication may offer new insights into sepsis and endothelial dysfunction.<br>This Excel file contains the ICAM-1 fluorescence intensity measurements, nanoparticle tracking analysis concentrations and particle sizes, and Western Blot analysis.