<b>DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN AGRICULTURE IN THE POST-REFORM PERIOD</b>

The article considers the development of agriculture in Russia in the post-reform period in which the level of agricultural development largely determined the state of the economy as a whole. In the Russian village of the 60-90-s of the XIX century there was a process of decomposition of the peasantry (in the pre-reform period it was possible to speak confidently about social inequality among the peasants) or, as it was called by the peasants themselves - "raskrezhjanization". In the villages, the economic and social position of the emerging rural bourgeoisie - the kulaks, on the one hand, was strengthening, and the poorest layer - the rural proletariat, a significant part of which could no longer exist under the new conditions and left for the cities - was increasingly expanding.本文探讨了改革后时期俄罗斯的农业发展态势，彼时农业发展水平在很大程度上决定了国民经济的整体状况。19世纪60至90年代的俄国乡村中，农民阶级正经历分化进程：早在改革前时期，学界已可确凿认定农民阶级内部已然存在社会不平等，这一进程亦被农民自身称作"raskrezhjanization"。一方面，新兴农村资产阶级——富农（kulaks）的经济与社会地位日渐巩固；另一方面，最底层的贫困群体——农村无产阶级的规模持续扩张，其中相当一部分已无法在新的社会经济条件下维持生计，只得迁居城市。