New insight into chert from silica phase transformation and (Si and O) isotope and trace element criterion constraints on origin: Implications for δ30Siseawater and paleo-temperature reconstructions

Major and minor element, TOC contents (wt.%; Supplementary Data S1), trace element and REEs concentrations (mg/kg; Supplementary Data S2). Various chert types from representative sedimentary profiles of Paleozoic, Proterozoic and Archean, invoking volcanic, S-, C- (seawater, hydrothermal), dike chert types and their Si and O isotopie and trace elements datasets (Supplementary Data S3), and Si and O in-situ isotope datasets for representative microquartz and quartz vein of the 1.88 Ga Gunflint (Canada), 2.72 Ga Tumbiana Formation (Australia), 3.29 Ga Mendon Formation (South Africa), and 3.48 Ga Dresser Formation (Australia) chert (Supplementary Data S4). Si isotope fractionation in opal-CT dissolves and reprecipitates to microquartz process in pore water (Supplementary Data S5), and models for various styles of paleotemperature reconstrction from O isotope of chert (Supplementary Data S6) are shown for the early Silurian C-chert (seawater chert) sample from the Yangtze block, South China, Proterozoic-Cambrian transition C-chert from the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic, and 1.9 Ga Gunflint chert, Canada.本数据集包含：主量元素、次要元素、总有机碳 (Total Organic Carbon, TOC) 含量（重量百分比；补充数据S1），以及微量元素与稀土元素 (Rare Earth Elements, REEs) 浓度（毫克/千克；补充数据S2）；采自古生代、元古宙及太古宙典型沉积剖面的多种硅质岩，涵盖火山成因、硫系（S-）、碳系（C-，包括海水、热液成因）及脉状硅质岩，及其硅、氧同位素与微量元素数据集（补充数据S3）；加拿大1.88 Ga冈弗林特 (Gunflint) 组、澳大利亚2.72 Ga图米巴组 (Tumbiana Formation)、南非3.29 Ga门顿组 (Mendon Formation) 以及澳大利亚3.48 Ga德雷瑟组 (Dresser Formation) 硅质岩中典型微石英与石英脉的硅、氧原位同位素数据集（补充数据S4）；孔隙水内CT型蛋白石 (opal-CT) 溶解并再沉淀为微石英过程中的硅同位素分馏数据集（补充数据S5）；以及基于硅质岩氧同位素构建的多种古温度恢复模型（补充数据S6），相关模型涉及华南扬子地块 (Yangtze block) 早志留世碳系硅质岩（"C-chert"，海水成因硅质岩）样品、捷克波希米亚地块 (Bohemian Massif) 元古宙-寒武纪过渡期碳系硅质岩，以及加拿大1.9 Ga冈弗林特硅质岩。