Biome and tenure system characteristics, and soil differences between piosphere and pasture plots of the tenure systems in the two biomes.

Climate data: Bloemfontein (29.10°S, 26.30°E), ca. 30–70 km distance to grassland sites; Kuruman (27.43°S, 23.45°E), ca. 35–75 km distance to savanna sites. MAP: mean annual precipitation of hydrological years (July–June); CV: coefficient of variation for MAP. For both meteorological stations, only years without data gaps were used for calculations; data source: http://climexp.knmi.nl. Bloemfontein data 1904–2011 (n = 100), Kuruman data 1905–1997 (n = 62). Soil types are given as WRB type [74]; grassland soils after [50]; savanna soils after [24]. Vegetation characteristics of the grassland after [25]; savanna: after [24]. Herd composition, mobility and farm-specific stocking densities for 2011 were derived from pers. comm. with farmers and provided by C. Naumann. Please note for stocking density that a larger number reflects a lower density. Edaphic conditions are given for the topsoil (0–20 cm) of vegetation plots; letters indicate significant differences within a biome (Tukey’s HSD, p