EXPLORING THE ROLE AND INFLUENCE OF TIMURID GARDEN-MAKING PRACTICES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAFAVID GARDEN TRADITIONS

The purpose of the article is to conduct a deep scientific analysis of the art of gardening of the Timurid era and its influence on the formation of gardens of the Safavid era from a historical, cultural and architectural point of view and to evaluate it as a source of inspiration for modern urban planning ideas. The study, using historical-comparative, discursive and architectural-conceptual analysis methods, identified the continuity, interaction and differences between the gardening traditions of the two periods. According to the results of the study , the gardening norms formed during the Timurid era, such as the shape of the Charbagh, its symmetrical structure, central water system, architectural and philosophical balance, were integrated into the idea of forming the city center and recreation during the Safavid era, and were combined with trade and cultural centers. It is emphasized that these approaches serve as an important source of inspiration in modern urban concepts in such areas as sustainable green areas, ecological design and preservation of the cultural landscape. The discussion section analyzed how historical gardening practices can be applied to modern urban planning, particularly in terms of cultural identity, ecological sustainability , and social integration. In conclusion, it was emphasized that historical gardening traditions should be considered not only as architectural monuments, but also as urban models for a sustainable future.