Stenotrophomonas maltophilia D457 evolved for 21 days in increasing concentrations of ciprofloxacin starting at MIC concentration

The emergence of antibiotic resistant Gram-negative bacteria has become a serious global health issue. In this study, we have employed the intrinsically resistant opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as a model to study the mechanisms involved in the acquisition of mutation-driven resistance to antibiotics. To this aim, laboratory experimental evolution studies, followed by whole-genome sequencing, were performed in the presence of tobramycin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.