Table 2_Development and validation of a novel nomogram for recurrent hemoptysis after bronchial artery embolization: a population-based cohort study.docx

Background and objectiveRecurrent hemoptysis after bronchial artery embolization (BAE) remains a significant clinical challenge. This study aims to develop and validate a predictive model to forecast hemoptysis recurrence post-BAE, enhancing clinical decision-making.
MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 170 patients with hemoptysis from various causes who underwent their first BAE at three Chinese medical centers between January 2019 and December 2022. Data were split into training and validation groups (7:3 ratio). Independent predictors for recurrence were identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariable logistic regression. Three models were developed: clinical (Model C), radiological (Model R), and combined (Model CR). The models’ performance was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and calibration curves, to determine the best model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess clinical benefits. A nomogram was then created using the optimal model.
ResultsIndependent predictors for recurrence included clinical factors (hemoptysis volume, platelets, C-reactive protein) and radiological factors (fibrotic scarring, pleural thickening, bronchial artery diameter, number of arteries). Based on these, Model C and Model R were created, and Model CR incorporated all seven factors. Model CR outperformed the other models, with superior accuracy in both the training cohort (AUC: 0.931, 95% CI: 0.864–0.998) and validation cohort (AUC: 0.883, 95% CI: 0.792–0.974). Comparative tests (DeLong test, NRI, and IDI) showed Model CR had better predictive power. Calibration curves and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test confirmed good model fit (PH-L > 0.05). DCA revealed Model CR provided the most clinical benefit. A nomogram was developed from Model CR.
ConclusionThe nomogram based on clinical and radiological data shows strong predictive accuracy for hemoptysis recurrence after BAE, offering significant potential for clinical integration.