A revised phylogeny of Boletaceae using whole genome sequences

The porcini mushroom family Boletaceae is a diverse, widespread group of
ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mushroom-forming fungi that so far has eluded
intrafamilial phylogenetic resolution based on morphology and multi-locus
datasets. In this study, we present a genome-wide molecular dataset of
1764 single-copy gene families from a global sampling of 418 Boletaceae
specimens. The resulting phylogenetic analysis has strong statistical
support for most branches of the tree, including the first statistically
robust backbone. The enigmatic Phylloboletellus chloephorus from non-ECM
Argentinian subtropical forests was recovered as a new subfamily sister to
the core Boletaceae. Time-calibrated branch lengths estimate that the
family first arose in the early- to mid-Cretaceous and underwent a rapid
radiation in the Eocene, possibly when the ECM nutritional mode arose with
the emergence and diversification of ECM angiosperms. Biogeographic
reconstructions reveal a complex history of vicariance and episodic
long-distance dispersal correlated with historical geologic events,
including Gondwanan origins and inferred vicariance associated with its
disarticulation. Together, this study represents the most comprehensively
sampled, data-rich molecular phylogeny of the Boletaceae to date,
establishing a foundation for future robust inferences of biogeography in
the group.

牛肝菌科（Boletaceae）是一类物种多样、分布广泛的外生菌根（ectomycorrhizal, ECM）产蘑菇真菌类群，迄今基于形态学与多位点数据集仍无法实现其科内系统发育分辨率的有效解析。本研究基于全球范围内采集的418份牛肝菌科标本，构建了包含1764个单拷贝基因家族的全基因组分子数据集。所得系统发育分析为该科系统树的绝大多数分支提供了强有力的统计支持，包括首个具有统计稳健性的科内主干结构。来自非外生菌根阿根廷亚热带森林的神秘物种绿孢叶牛肝菌（Phylloboletellus chloephorus）被恢复为一个新亚科，该亚科为核心牛肝菌科的姊妹群。通过时间校准的分支长度估算可知，牛肝菌科起源于白垩纪早中期，并在始新世经历了快速辐射演化，这一过程或与外生菌根营养模式的出现，以及外生菌根被子植物的兴起与多样化同步发生。生物地理重建结果揭示了该类群复杂的演化历史：其演化与冈瓦纳起源、伴随冈瓦纳大陆解体的推断性隔离分化等地质历史事件相关，同时存在隔离分化与间歇性长距离扩散的复杂过程。综上，本研究构建了迄今为止采样最全面、数据最丰富的牛肝菌科分子系统发育框架，为该类群后续生物地理学的可靠推断奠定了坚实基础。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集包含牛肝菌科（Boletaceae）真菌的基因组组装序列，用于支持系统发育研究。数据集基于全球418个标本的1764个单拷贝基因家族，提供了高统计支持的系统发育树，揭示了该家族的早期起源和快速辐射事件。数据以FASTA格式提供，总计27.89 GB，包括草案基因组组装文件，可能含有少量非内源性细菌序列。