Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (cytosol)

Carbonic anhydrase I (CA1, Khalifah 1971, Simonsson et al. 1982, Ren and Lindskog 1992), carbonic anyhydrase II (CA2, Tibell et al. 1984, Jones and Shaw 1983, Pesando 1975, Ghannam et al. 1986), carbonic anhydrase III (CA3, Carter et al. 1979, Tu et al. 1990, Tu et al. 1994, Tu et al. 1998, Silverman et al. 1993), carbonic anhydrase VII (CA7, Bootorabi et al. 2010, Gitto et al. 2010) dehydrate cytosolic bicarbonate to yield water and carbon dioxide (reviewed in Lindskog 1997). Depending on the concentrations of reactants the reaction is reversible.<br>CA2 and CA7 have high catalytic activity, CA1 has low activity (10% of the activity of CA2), and CA3 has very low activity (1% of the activity of CA2). CA1 and CA2 are found in erythrocytes. CA2 is also found in kidney, lung, and white muscle where it facilitates diffusion of carbon dioxide. CA3 is found in red muscle where it participates in resistance against oxidative stress.

碳酸酐酶I（CA1，Khalifah 1971，Simonsson等1982，Ren和Lindskog 1992），碳酸酐酶II（CA2，Tibell等1984，Jones和Shaw 1983，Pesando 1975，Ghannam等1986），碳酸酐酶III（CA3，Carter等1979，Tu等1990，Tu等1994，Tu等1998，Silverman等1993），碳酸酐酶VII（CA7，Bootorabi等2010，Gitto等2010）通过脱氢作用将细胞质中的碳酸氢盐转化为水与二氧化碳（详见Lindskog 1997年综述）。依反应物浓度不同，此反应可逆。CA2与CA7具有高催化活性，CA1活性较低（仅为CA2活性的10%），而CA3活性极低（仅为CA2活性的1%）。CA1和CA2存在于红细胞中。CA2亦见于肾脏、肺以及白色肌肉中，有助于二氧化碳的扩散。CA3存在于红色肌肉中，参与抵抗氧化应激的过程。