<b>Development and Validation of a Questionnaire for Measuring Perceived Parental Internet Support</b>

As internet penetration among minors in China continues to rise, various potential risks have emerged. Parents play a vital role in managing the benefits and drawbacks of adolescents’ internet use. However, existing measurement tools predominantly focus on parental control and intervention, often neglecting the importance of parental support in fostering positive internet engagement. This study, grounded in Self-Determination Theory, developed the “Perceived Parental Internet Support Scale” (PPISS) to evaluate adolescents’ perceptions of parental support during their internet use, addressing a critical gap in family-based educational tools and intervention strategies. Method: An initial item pool was created through literature review and qualitative analysis of interview data. A sample of 1,093 middle school students from various Chinese provinces participated in item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and network analysis (NA). The final scale comprises 19 items across four dimensions: Substantive Support, Acceptance of Feelings, Encouragement of Autonomy, and Respectful Support. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor model of the PPISS, demonstrating good fit indices and structural validity. Reliability analysis indicated strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.862) and satisfactory test-retest reliability (0.741). Criterion validity analysis revealed significant positive correlations with satisfaction of basic psychological needs (<i>r</i>=0.461) and significant negative correlations with smartphone addiction risk (<i>r</i>=-0.257). Network analysis emphasized the central roles of “Acceptance of Feelings” and “Encouragement of Autonomy.” Conclusion: The PPISS is a promising tool for assessing parental support in adolescents’ internet use, providing a reliable foundation for future research and interventions.

随着中国未成年人互联网普及率持续攀升，各类潜在网络风险日益凸显。家长在统筹青少年网络使用的利弊层面发挥着不可或缺的关键作用。然而，现有测量工具多聚焦于家长对青少年上网行为的管控与干预，却往往忽视了父母支持（parental support）在培育青少年积极网络参与行为中的重要价值。本研究以自我决定理论（Self-Determination Theory）为基础，编制了《感知父母网络支持量表》（Perceived Parental Internet Support Scale，PPISS），用以评估青少年对父母在其网络使用过程中提供支持的感知体验，填补了家庭教育工具与干预策略领域的关键研究空白。
研究方法：本研究首先通过文献综述与访谈数据的质性分析构建初始题项池。随后招募1093名来自中国多省份的中学生作为被试，依次开展题项分析、探索性因素分析（Exploratory Factor Analysis，EFA）、验证性因素分析（Confirmatory Factor Analysis，CFA）与网络分析（Network Analysis，NA）。最终形成的量表包含4个维度共19个题项，分别为实质支持（Substantive Support）、情感接纳（Acceptance of Feelings）、自主性鼓励（Encouragement of Autonomy）与尊重性支持（Respectful Support）。
研究结果：验证性因素分析证实了PPISS的四因素模型具备优良的拟合指标与结构效度。信度分析结果显示，该量表具有较强的内部一致性（克朗巴赫α系数=0.862），且重测信度表现良好（0.741）。效标关联效度分析表明，量表得分与个体基本心理需求满足程度呈显著正相关（相关系数r=0.461），与智能手机成瘾风险呈显著负相关（相关系数r=-0.257）。网络分析结果进一步凸显了“情感接纳”与“自主性鼓励”两个维度的核心地位。
研究结论：《感知父母网络支持量表》是一款用于评估青少年网络使用场景下父母支持情况的可靠工具，可为未来相关研究与干预实践提供坚实的学术基础。