Mutations in evolved isolates derived from E. coli WT and E. coli ZED.

aTwo- to three-fold amplification of the 139 kb region likely resulted from homologous recombination between two recombination hot spots, rhsA and rhsB, surrounding the amplified region.bTwo-fold amplification of the 250 kb region resulted from two novel IS2 transpositions into eptB (783/784) and a pseudogene yifN' (359/360) followed by the duplication of the IS2-'eptB-yifN'-IS2 fragment.cFour-fold amplification of a 39 kb region encompassing the pntAB operon resulted from a novel IS2 transposition into ydgA (211/212) followed by homologous recombination with IS2E upstream of rspB to generate tandem duplication of the IS2E-rspB-ydgA'-IS2 fragment.dTwo-fold amplification of a 128 kb region (rrfA-gltT) encompassing ptsA likely resulted from homologous recombination between two 23S rRNA genes, rrlA and rrlB, surrounding the amplified region.eThe 12 kb deletion resulted from a novel IS3 transposition into yaiC (803/804) followed by homologous recombination with IS3B upstream of 'yaiT to remove the 'yaiT-yaiC' region.Mutations in evolved isolates derived from E. coli WT and E. coli ZED.