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ATG16L1 complex transfers LC3 from ATG3 to PE

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reactome.org2025-03-24 收录
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The ATG16L1 complex (consisting of ATG12, ATG5 and ATG16L1) functions as an E3-like ligase, mediating the transfer of LC3 ubiquitin-like proteins from the E2-like enzyme ATG3 to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the expanding membrane (Tanida et al. 2002, Hanada et al. 2007, Fujita et al. 2008, Sakoh-Nakatogawa et al. 2013). In this final step of LC3 lipidation, the C-terminal glycine of the LC3 protein is conjugated to PE through an amide bond (Ichimura et al. 2000). This results in the lipidation of LC3 proteins at the curved membrane forming the autophagosome (Carlsson & Simonsen 2015). The resulting lipid-conjugated LC3 proteins are sometimes referred to as LC3-II. In yeast the LC3 family is represented by one protein, Atg8, which has a C-terminal ubiquitin-like domain that is preceded by a short N-terminal extension. The human LC3 family has six members (Slobodkin & Elazar 2013). The microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain proteins MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B and MAP1LC3C typically have their names shortened respectively to LC3A, LC3B and LC3C. The remaining family members are the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-receptor-associated proteins GABARAP, GABARAPL1 and GABARAPL2. The biological relevance of this expansion of Atg8 proteins in higher eukaryotes is largely unknown (Slobodkin & Elazar 2013, Wild et al. 2014).<br><br>ATG3 has a membrane-curvature-sensing domain that may allow it to detect lipid-packing defects at the rim of the growing phagophore (Nath et al. 2014). This function would localize the lipidation reaction of LC3 or GABARAP to the highly-curved surface at the edge of the growing phagophore (Carlsson & Simonsen 2015). <br><br><br>Lipidation of LC3 proteins enables them to associate with the autophagosomal membrane as it expands (Weidberg et al. 2010, 2011, Mizushima et al. 2011, Lamb et al. 2013). ATG proteins dissociate from the isolation membrane before it closes to create an autophagosome, while LC3 proteins remain attached on what becomes the inner autophagosome membrane surface (Klionsky 2005). LC3 proteins are thought to play a role in the expansion and closure of the isolation membrane (Geng & Klionsky 2008, Fujita et al. 2008, Weidberg et al. 2010, 2011).

ATG16L1复合体(由ATG12、ATG5和ATG16L1组成)作为一种E3样连接酶,介导LC3泛素样蛋白从E2样酶ATG3转移到扩展膜中的磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)(Tanida等人,2002年,Hanada等人,2007年,Fujita等人,2008年,Sakoh-Nakatogawa等人,2013年)。在此LC3脂化的最后步骤中,LC3蛋白的C端甘氨酸通过酰胺键与PE结合(Ichimura等人,2000年)。这导致LC3蛋白在形成自噬体的弯曲膜上发生脂化(Carlsson和Simonsen,2015年)。由此产生的脂质结合LC3蛋白有时被称为LC3-II。在酵母中,LC3家族由一种蛋白质Atg8代表,该蛋白质具有C端泛素样结构域,其前部是一个短的N端延伸。人类LC3家族有六个成员(Slobodkin和Elazar,2013年)。微管相关蛋白1轻链蛋白MAP1LC3A、MAP1LC3B和MAP1LC3C通常分别简称为LC3A、LC3B和LC3C。该家族的其他成员是γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体相关蛋白GABARAP、GABARAPL1和GABARAPL2。Atg8蛋白在高等真核生物中的生物学意义尚不清楚(Slobodkin和Elazar,2013年,Wild等人,2014年)。ATG3蛋白具有膜曲率感应域,可能允许其检测生长中的吞噬体边缘的脂质堆积缺陷(Nath等人,2014年)。这一功能将LC3或GABARAP的脂化反应定位在生长中的吞噬体边缘的高曲率表面(Carlsson和Simonsen,2015年)。脂化LC3蛋白使其能够与随膜扩展而扩展的自噬体膜结合(Weidberg等人,2010年,2011年,Mizushima等人,2011年,Lamb等人,2013年)。在隔离膜闭合之前,ATG蛋白从隔离膜上解离,而LC3蛋白则保持在将成为自噬体内部膜表面的部位上(Klionsky,2005年)。LC3蛋白被认为在隔离膜的扩展和闭合中发挥作用(Geng和Klionsky,2008年,Fujita等人,2008年,Weidberg等人,2010年,2011年)。
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