Effectiveness of Mandala Art Therapy in Reducing Student Anxiety: A Multilevel Meta-analysis

Mandala art therapy is an emerging intervention for reducing anxiety, though previous studies have shown inconsistent results. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate its overall impact on student anxiety and identify potential moderating factors. A thorough search across multiple databases, including PubMed and Web of Science, up to December 2024, identified studies using mandala-based interventions for anxiety reduction. A three-level meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize data from 12 eligible studies, including 10 within-subject experiments and 2 randomized controlled trials, with 484 participants.