BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE LISTENING AND SPEAKING AND STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS THEM

This paper examines the key challenges associated with the development of listening and speaking skills in foreign language education and proposes pedagogically sound solutions to address these issues. Adopting the IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) framework, the study draws on theoretical review, questionnaire data, and systematic classroom observations. The findings highlight the effectiveness of communicative methodologies, the use of authentic instructional materials, and the integration of digital technologies in enhancing learners’ oral communication abilities. The outcomes of the research offer practical implications for language instructors, curriculum developers, and researchers