THE ROLE OF INSULIN IN DIABETES AND FORMS OF THE DISEASE

Insulin is the main hormone that regulates carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism in the body and plays an important role in maintaining normal blood glucose levels. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that develops as a result of absolute or relative insulin deficiency, as well as a decrease in tissue sensitivity to insulin. This topic covers the physiological functions of insulin, the mechanisms of its action on glucose metabolism, and the etiological and clinical characteristics of the main forms of diabetes mellitus - type 1, type 2, gestational, and secondary diabetes. The pathophysiological processes associated with insulin deficiency and the importance of correctly differentiating disease forms in diagnostics and treatment are also analyzed. The presented data indicate the need for an individual and comprehensive approach to effective control of diabetes mellitus.