Thermal Performance Analysis and Process Optimization for Converting Marine Biomass (Seaweed) into Pyrolysis Oil

This project focuses on the thermal performance analysis and optimization of converting marine biomass, specifically seaweed, into pyrolysis oil. The research investigates the pyrolysis process as a sustainable method to produce biofuels and valuable chemicals from seaweed, aligning with global efforts to explore renewable energy sources. Pyrolysis, a thermochemical conversion method, offers significant potential in transforming seaweed into usable bio-oil, thanks to its high carbohydrate content and rapid growth rate. Key variables such as temperature, heating rate, particle size, residence time, and the use of catalysts are analysed to determine their impact on the yield and quality of pyrolysis oil. The study also compares seaweed-derived oil with that of other organic and inorganic wastes, including macadamia nutshells, municipal green waste, beauty leaf fruit husks, and high-density polyethylene. This comparative analysis highlights the unique properties of seaweed oil, including its oxygenated compounds and phenolic substances, while addressing challenges such as its higher viscosity and lower calorific value. To optimize the process, the research utilizes advanced methodologies like response surface methodology (RSM) and the Box-Behnken design to achieve maximum oil yield under optimal conditions. The findings of this study underscore the potential of seaweed as a sustainable biomass resource, with further refinement techniques suggested to improve the quality of the pyrolysis oil for broader applications, including engine fuels and chemical production. This work contributes to sustainable energy research, supporting global environmental goals such as carbon capture and nutrient recycling, and lays a foundation for future innovations in seaweed pyrolysis and biofuel technologies.