Respiratory and hemodynamic data of the studied patients.

Data are shown as mean values ± standard deviation. VT: tidal volume, FIo2: fraction of inspired oxygen, PEEP: positive end-expiratory pressure, PIP, peak inspiratory pressure, CRS: respiratory system compliance, Paco2: end-expiratory partial pressure of carbon dioxide, HR: heart rate.*The measurement at LIP+7 and high VT was not conducted in patient 1 due to excess of peak inspiratory pressure limit of 40 cm H2O (see Methods for further details).