Characteristics of the antigens.

Notes Mf, microfilaria; L2–4, larval developmental stages.*These antigens represent truncated polypeptides, not full-length proteins.aVaccinated calves (n = 12) received all eight antigens in separate inoculations with the respective optimal adjuvant; data in parentheses are comparative values for adjuvant-control animals that received adjuvants only (n = 13).b‘Mouse’ refers to the Onchocerca volvulus L3 chamber model; ‘jird’ to the filarial parasite Acanthocheilonema viteae in its natural rodent host, Meriones unguiculatus; ‘cow’ to O. lienalis in its natural host; ‘chimpanzee’ to experimental infection with O. volvulus; and ‘human’ to serological recognition by putatively immune individuals from areas endemic for O. volvulus infection.cHighly, poorly and non-immunoresponsive animals exhibited OD405 nm>1.0, 0.1–1.0, or 405 nm for a pool of negative control sera (obtained from 6 unexposed calves that received neither antigens nor adjuvants).dD. Abraham, unpublished data.