juliensimon/lhaaso-gamma-ray-sources

---
license: cc-by-4.0
pretty_name: "1LHAASO Gamma-Ray Source Catalog"
language:
- en
description: "First LHAASO catalog of very-high-energy (VHE) and ultra-high-energy (UHE) gamma-ray sources with 180 entries from KM2A and WCDA detectors."
task_categories:
- tabular-classification
- tabular-regression
tags:
- space
- gamma-ray
- lhaaso
- tev
- uhe
- astronomy
- physics
- open-data
- tabular-data
size_categories:
- n<1K
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/lhaaso_gamma_ray_sources.parquet
default: true
---

# 1LHAASO Gamma-Ray Source Catalog

*Part of the [Astronomy Datasets](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/astronomy-datasets-69c24caf2f17e36128946743) collection on Hugging Face.*

The first LHAASO (Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory) catalog of gamma-ray sources detected
at very-high-energy (VHE, >0.1 TeV) and ultra-high-energy (UHE, >100 TeV). Contains **180** catalog
entries covering **90** unique sources observed with the KM2A and WCDA detectors.

LHAASO, located at 4410 m altitude in Sichuan, China, is the most sensitive UHE gamma-ray observatory
in the Northern Hemisphere.

## Dataset description

The 1LHAASO catalog presents sources detected during the first years of LHAASO operation. Each source
may have separate entries for the KM2A (above ~25 TeV) and WCDA (1--25 TeV) detectors, with independent
spectral measurements. The catalog includes positions, extensions, spectral parameters, and associations
with known sources.

- **0** KM2A entries, **0** WCDA entries
- **119** extended sources, **65** with known associations

## Schema

| Column | Type | Description |
|--------|------|-------------|
| `source_name` | string | 1LHAASO source designation |
| `detector` | string | Detector: KM2A or WCDA |
| `ra_deg` | float64 | Right ascension J2000 (degrees) |
| `dec_deg` | float64 | Declination J2000 (degrees) |
| `glon_deg` | float64 | Galactic longitude (degrees) |
| `glat_deg` | float64 | Galactic latitude (degrees) |
| `pos_error_deg` | float64 | Position uncertainty (degrees) |
| `extension_deg` | float64 | Source extension (degrees, 0 = point-like) |
| `significance` | float64 | Detection significance (sigma) |
| `spectral_index` | float64 | Power-law spectral index |
| `spectral_index_error` | float64 | Spectral index uncertainty |
| `pivot_energy_tev` | float64 | Pivot energy (TeV) |
| `diff_flux` | float64 | Differential flux at pivot energy |
| `diff_flux_error` | float64 | Differential flux uncertainty |
| `energy_min_tev` | float64 | Minimum energy of fit range (TeV) |
| `energy_max_tev` | float64 | Maximum energy of fit range (TeV) |
| `ts_value` | float64 | Test statistic value |
| `association` | string | Associated known source |
| `source_class` | string | Source classification |
| `is_extended` | bool | True if source has non-zero extension |
| `has_association` | bool | True if associated with a known source |

## Usage

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/lhaaso-gamma-ray-sources", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# Sources by detector
print(df["detector"].value_counts())

# UHE sources (KM2A entries above 100 TeV)
km2a = df[df["detector"] == "KM2A"]
print(f"KM2A sources: {len(km2a)}")

# Spectral index distribution
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df["spectral_index"].dropna().hist(bins=30)
plt.xlabel("Spectral Index")
plt.ylabel("Count")
plt.title("1LHAASO Spectral Index Distribution")
plt.show()

# Sky map in galactic coordinates
plt.scatter(df["glon_deg"], df["glat_deg"], c=df["significance"], cmap="hot", s=20)
plt.colorbar(label="Significance (sigma)")
plt.xlabel("Galactic Longitude (deg)")
plt.ylabel("Galactic Latitude (deg)")
plt.title("1LHAASO Sources in Galactic Coordinates")
plt.show()
```

## Data source

Cao, Z., et al. (2024), *The First LHAASO Catalog of Gamma-Ray Sources.*
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 271, 25. Via VizieR CDS (J/ApJS/271/25).

## Pipeline

Source code: [juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets)

## Citation

```bibtex
@dataset{lhaaso_gamma_ray_sources,
author = {Simon, Julien},
title = {1LHAASO Gamma-Ray Source Catalog},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Hugging Face},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/lhaaso-gamma-ray-sources},
note = {Based on Cao et al. (2024) via VizieR CDS}
}
```

## License

[CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)