juliensimon/lhaaso-gamma-ray-sources

--- license: cc-by-4.0 pretty_name: "1LHAASO Gamma-Ray Source Catalog" language: - en description: "First LHAASO catalog of very-high-energy (VHE) and ultra-high-energy (UHE) gamma-ray sources with 180 entries from KM2A and WCDA detectors." task_categories: - tabular-classification - tabular-regression tags: - space - gamma-ray - lhaaso - tev - uhe - astronomy - physics - open-data - tabular-data size_categories: - n<1K configs: - config_name: default data_files: - split: train path: data/lhaaso_gamma_ray_sources.parquet default: true --- # 1LHAASO Gamma-Ray Source Catalog *Part of the [Astronomy Datasets](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/astronomy-datasets-69c24caf2f17e36128946743) collection on Hugging Face.* The first LHAASO (Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory) catalog of gamma-ray sources detected at very-high-energy (VHE, >0.1 TeV) and ultra-high-energy (UHE, >100 TeV). Contains **180** catalog entries covering **90** unique sources observed with the KM2A and WCDA detectors. LHAASO, located at 4410 m altitude in Sichuan, China, is the most sensitive UHE gamma-ray observatory in the Northern Hemisphere. ## Dataset description The 1LHAASO catalog presents sources detected during the first years of LHAASO operation. Each source may have separate entries for the KM2A (above ~25 TeV) and WCDA (1--25 TeV) detectors, with independent spectral measurements. The catalog includes positions, extensions, spectral parameters, and associations with known sources. - **0** KM2A entries, **0** WCDA entries - **119** extended sources, **65** with known associations ## Schema | Column | Type | Description | |--------|------|-------------| | `source_name` | string | 1LHAASO source designation | | `detector` | string | Detector: KM2A or WCDA | | `ra_deg` | float64 | Right ascension J2000 (degrees) | | `dec_deg` | float64 | Declination J2000 (degrees) | | `glon_deg` | float64 | Galactic longitude (degrees) | | `glat_deg` | float64 | Galactic latitude (degrees) | | `pos_error_deg` | float64 | Position uncertainty (degrees) | | `extension_deg` | float64 | Source extension (degrees, 0 = point-like) | | `significance` | float64 | Detection significance (sigma) | | `spectral_index` | float64 | Power-law spectral index | | `spectral_index_error` | float64 | Spectral index uncertainty | | `pivot_energy_tev` | float64 | Pivot energy (TeV) | | `diff_flux` | float64 | Differential flux at pivot energy | | `diff_flux_error` | float64 | Differential flux uncertainty | | `energy_min_tev` | float64 | Minimum energy of fit range (TeV) | | `energy_max_tev` | float64 | Maximum energy of fit range (TeV) | | `ts_value` | float64 | Test statistic value | | `association` | string | Associated known source | | `source_class` | string | Source classification | | `is_extended` | bool | True if source has non-zero extension | | `has_association` | bool | True if associated with a known source | ## Usage ```python from datasets import load_dataset ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/lhaaso-gamma-ray-sources", split="train") df = ds.to_pandas() # Sources by detector print(df["detector"].value_counts()) # UHE sources (KM2A entries above 100 TeV) km2a = df[df["detector"] == "KM2A"] print(f"KM2A sources: {len(km2a)}") # Spectral index distribution import matplotlib.pyplot as plt df["spectral_index"].dropna().hist(bins=30) plt.xlabel("Spectral Index") plt.ylabel("Count") plt.title("1LHAASO Spectral Index Distribution") plt.show() # Sky map in galactic coordinates plt.scatter(df["glon_deg"], df["glat_deg"], c=df["significance"], cmap="hot", s=20) plt.colorbar(label="Significance (sigma)") plt.xlabel("Galactic Longitude (deg)") plt.ylabel("Galactic Latitude (deg)") plt.title("1LHAASO Sources in Galactic Coordinates") plt.show() ``` ## Data source Cao, Z., et al. (2024), *The First LHAASO Catalog of Gamma-Ray Sources.* The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 271, 25. Via VizieR CDS (J/ApJS/271/25). ## Pipeline Source code: [juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets) ## Citation ```bibtex @dataset{lhaaso_gamma_ray_sources, author = {Simon, Julien}, title = {1LHAASO Gamma-Ray Source Catalog}, year = {2026}, publisher = {Hugging Face}, url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/lhaaso-gamma-ray-sources}, note = {Based on Cao et al. (2024) via VizieR CDS} } ``` ## License [CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)license: cc-by-4.0 pretty_name: "1LHAASO伽马射线源目录" language: - en description: "首个LHAASO甚高能（very-high-energy, VHE，>0.1太电子伏特（TeV））与超高能（ultra-high-energy, UHE，>100太电子伏特（TeV））伽马射线源目录，包含来自KM2A与WCDA探测器的180条观测条目。" task_categories: - tabular-classification - tabular-regression tags: - space - gamma-ray - lhaaso - tev - uhe - astronomy - physics - open-data - tabular-data size_categories: - n<1K configs: - config_name: default data_files: - split: train path: data/lhaaso_gamma_ray_sources.parquet default: true # 1LHAASO伽马射线源目录 *隶属于Hugging Face平台的[Astronomy Datasets](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/astronomy-datasets-69c24caf2f17e36128946743)数据集合集。* 本目录为首个基于LHAASO（大型高海拔空气簇射观测站，Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory）探测到的甚高能（very-high-energy, VHE，>0.1 TeV）与超高能（ultra-high-energy, UHE，>100 TeV）伽马射线源目录，包含180条观测条目，对应90个通过KM2A与WCDA探测器观测到的独立源。 LHAASO坐落于中国四川海拔4410米处，是北半球灵敏度最高的UHE伽马射线观测台站。 ## 数据集说明 1LHAASO目录收录了LHAASO运行初期探测到的伽马射线源。每个独立源可对应KM2A（~25 TeV以上）与WCDA（1--25 TeV）两台探测器的独立观测条目，包含独立的能谱测量结果。本目录包含源的位置、展宽、能谱参数以及与已知源的关联信息。 - **0**条KM2A条目，**0**条WCDA条目 - **119**个展源，**65**个带有已知源关联 ## 数据Schema | 列名 | 数据类型 | 描述 | |--------|------|-------------| | `source_name` | 字符串 | 1LHAASO源命名标识 | | `detector` | 字符串 | 所用探测器：KM2A或WCDA | | `ra_deg` | float64 | J2000坐标系赤经（单位：度） | | `dec_deg` | float64 | J2000坐标系赤纬（单位：度） | | `glon_deg` | float64 | 银经（单位：度） | | `glat_deg` | float64 | 银纬（单位：度） | | `pos_error_deg` | float64 | 位置不确定度（单位：度） | | `extension_deg` | float64 | 源展宽（单位：度，0表示点源） | | `significance` | float64 | 探测显著性（单位：σ） | | `spectral_index` | float64 | 幂律能谱指数 | | `spectral_index_error` | float64 | 能谱指数不确定度 | | `pivot_energy_tev` | float64 | 参考能量（单位：TeV） | | `diff_flux` | float64 | 参考能量处的微分流量 | | `diff_flux_error` | float64 | 微分流量不确定度 | | `energy_min_tev` | float64 | 拟合能区最低能量（单位：TeV） | | `energy_max_tev` | float64 | 拟合能区最高能量（单位：TeV） | | `ts_value` | float64 | 检验统计量值 | | `association` | 字符串 | 关联的已知源 | | `source_class` | 字符串 | 源分类标签 | | `is_extended` | 布尔值 | 若源展宽非零则为真 | | `has_association` | 布尔值 | 若存在已知源关联则为真 | ## 使用方法 python from datasets import load_dataset ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/lhaaso-gamma-ray-sources", split="train") df = ds.to_pandas() # 按探测器统计源数量 print(df["detector"].value_counts()) # 超高能源（KM2A探测器100 TeV以上条目） km2a = df[df["detector"] == "KM2A"] print(f"KM2A探测源数量：{len(km2a)}") # 能谱指数分布 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt df["spectral_index"].dropna().hist(bins=30) plt.xlabel("能谱指数") plt.ylabel("计数") plt.title("1LHAASO能谱指数分布") plt.show() # 银道坐标系天图 plt.scatter(df["glon_deg"], df["glat_deg"], c=df["significance"], cmap="hot", s=20) plt.colorbar(label="探测显著性（σ）") plt.xlabel("银经（°）") plt.ylabel("银纬（°）") plt.title("1LHAASO源银道坐标系天图") plt.show() ## 数据来源 Cao, Z. 等 (2024), *首个LHAASO伽马射线源目录*. 《天体物理学杂志增刊系列》, 271, 25. 源自VizieR CDS数据库（J/ApJS/271/25）。 ## 数据处理流程 源代码：[juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets) ## 引用 bibtex @dataset{lhaaso_gamma_ray_sources, author = {Simon, Julien}, title = {1LHAASO伽马射线源目录}, year = {2026}, publisher = {Hugging Face}, url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/lhaaso-gamma-ray-sources}, note = {基于Cao等(2024)的研究成果，源自VizieR CDS数据库} } ## 许可证 [CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)