Effects of site, grazing treatment (two levels: control vs. grazing exclusion), and their interaction on the total number of phenolic compounds (phenolic richness, S), the Shannon–Weiner index (H), and the concentrations of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in leaves of <i>Nardus stricta</i> plants located at five sites varying in elevation. In all models, we included the three-way interaction between plot, site, and grazing treatment as a random effect to appropriately account for error terms while analysing the main factors (i.e., site and grazing treatment). To achieve normality of the residuals, we log-transformed the data for flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids. F-values with degrees of freedom (numerator, denominator) and associated significance levels (<i>P-value</i>s) are provided. Significant <i>P</i>-values (<i>P</i> < 0.05) are indicated in bold.

Effects of site, grazing treatment (two levels: control vs. grazing exclusion), and their interaction on the total number of phenolic compounds (phenolic richness, S), the Shannon–Weiner index (H), and the concentrations of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in leaves of Nardus stricta plants located at five sites varying in elevation. In all models, we included the three-way interaction between plot, site, and grazing treatment as a random effect to appropriately account for error terms while analysing the main factors (i.e., site and grazing treatment). To achieve normality of the residuals, we log-transformed the data for flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids. F-values with degrees of freedom (numerator, denominator) and associated significance levels (P-values) are provided. Significant P-values (P < 0.05) are indicated in bold.