Performance of spent mushroom compost biochar as filter media in metal retention pond system for heavy metal removal in abandoned mine water

The environment is facing increasing pressure due to rapid development and overpopulation, resulting in various water crises. To address water scarcity on a global scale, one potential solution is to import water from abandoned mines as an alternative source. This thesis focuses on evaluating the feasibility of using biomass waste from spent mushroom compost (SMC) biochar as a filter material to remove heavy metals found in abandoned mine water. Additionally, this thesis employs machine learning to develop a predictive model for estimating the adsorption capacities of heavy metals by SMC biochar. This innovative approach combines computational methods with metal sorption prediction in abandoned mine water, aligning with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 6, which aims to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water for all.