21 patients with 22 isolates of L. tropica (* from the same patients) infected in the Middle East (three from Afghanistan, two from Iran, 17 from Syria).

Ten had received treatment prior sampling (nine SSG, one cryotherapy) and twelve were cured on first-line treatment after sampling. Six were cured on second-line treatment (3 LA, 3 SSG il). One healed by itself and two were lost after sampling. One patient continued to relapse regarding treatment. ** healed by itself. SSG stands for sodium stibogluconate, LA for liposomal amphotericin, MA for meglumine antimoniate, il for intralesional, im for intramuscular, iv for intravenous, cured for absence of clinical relapse for 6 months after treatment, relapse for recurrence of a lesion after the lesion had healed without any known new exposure to the parasite, treatment failure for absence of clinical signs of re-epithelialisation in the lesion during or within two months after treatment.