Bias-corrected annual precipitation, reference evapotranspiration, and aridity index over Europe (1950-2024)

This dataset provides bias-corrected annual precipitation (P), reference evapotranspiration (ET₀), and the derived Aridity Index (AI) over Europe for the period 1950-2024. The data are based on ERA5-Land reanalysis and were bias-corrected using CLIMWAT station observations. Annual fields were produced from monthly ERA5-Land variables and aggregated on the native spatial grid. Reference evapotranspiration was computed following the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith formulation, and the aridity index was calculated as the ratio of annual precipitation to annual reference evapotranspiration. In addition to the annual datasets, the dataset includes: Long term mean and percent deviations of precipitation (P), reference evapotranspiration (ET₀), and derived aridity index (AI) over Europe for 1950-1974 (base period), 1975-1999, and 2000-2024 periods. Sen’s slope trend estimates and Mann-Kendall p-values for annual precipitation (P), reference evapotranspiration (ET₀), and aridity index (AI) for the period 1950-2024. All variables are provided in NetCDF format with CF-compliant metadata and are intended for use in climate variability, aridification assessment, and hydro-climatic trend analyses at regional to continental scales.