Characteristics of MRSA isolated from out patients with nongonococcal urethritis and from inpatients in Russia compared with ST239 MRSA reference strains.

MRSA groups A2, B2, and C2 represent the Russian variant of ST239 MRSA. aThe data of TW20 are from GenBank accession numbers FN433596, FN433597, and FN433598. A 29.6-kb plasmid (pTW20_1) is a heavy metal resistance plasmid [8]. bc12ag, core 12 adhesin genes shared by all (or most) strains: icaA, icaD (for biofilm formation); eno (for laminin-adhesin); fnbA, fnbB (for fibronectin-adhesin); ebpS (for elastin-adhesin); clfA, clfB, fib, sdrC, sdrD, sdrE (for fibrinogen). cOxa, oxacillin; Imp, imipenem; Gen, gentamicin; Kan, kanamycin; Str, streptomycin; Spt, spectinomycin; Ery, erythromycin; Cli, clindamycin; Tet, tetracycline; Lvx, levofloxacin; Sul, sulfamethoxazole; Tmp, trimethoprim; Chl, chloramphenicol; Rif, rifampicin. MICs of rifampicin: 256 µg/ml for groups A2, B2, and C2; 8 µg/ml for group B3. ND, not determined. dResistance plasmids were examined by conjugation and electroporation. *, plasmid encoding for cadmium resistance; **, plasmid encoding for chloramphenicol resistance. In group A2, strain 49K carried 32-kb and 4.4-kb plasmids in addition to 2.9-kb and 2.4-kb plasmids. (−), no plasmid.