The DNA sequencing data of aquatic organisms and extracted extracellular vesicles from the Houxi River Watershed of Xiamen in 2021 and the Xinglinwan Reservoir in 2022

Houxi is the second largest river in Xiamen City, with a total length of about 23 km and a drainage area of 146.2 km2. It belongs to the South Asian tropical maritime climate, with an average annual temperature of 21 ℃ and an average annual rainfall of 1100 mm. In November 2021, a total of 13 sampling stations were set up along the upstream to downstream of Houxi and then to the estuary of the river to collect water samples. Sampling stations 1-6 in the upper reaches of the watershed are located within the Bantou Shidou Reservoir, surrounded by mainly mountainous terrain and predominantly forested land, with less human interference. The surrounding terrain of sampling stations 7-9 in the middle reaches of the basin is mainly plain, with land use mainly consisting of forest land, cultivated land, and construction land (mainly artificial surface rural areas). This area is a typical rural area with farmland, low-density houses, and roads, and is relatively less affected by urban activities. The surrounding terrain of sampling stations 10-13 in the downstream of the basin is still mainly plain, and the land use is mainly forest land and construction land (artificial urban surface). It belongs to the construction and development center area of Jimei New City and is subject to strong human activity interference. The German WTW Multi 3630 IDS portable pH/ORP/conductivity/turbidity digital multi parameter water quality detection analyzer was used at the sampling site to measure relevant water physical and chemical indicators (including temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, conductivity, pH, redox potential), and record latitude and longitude. And keep 200 mL of water sample and transport it back to the laboratory for testing other physical and chemical indicators. Take 20-25 L of surface water (0-50 cm) from each sampling station and immediately transport it back to the laboratory for processing. Use a filtration membrane to extract DNA from aquatic organisms, and use graded filtration, concentration, and ultracentrifugation to extract extracellular vesicles from the water. Extract DNA from aquatic organisms and extracellular vesicles, sequence them, and obtain the raw data of the sequencing sequence. After preliminary analysis of the samples, Xinglinwan Reservoir downstream of Houxi River Basin was selected, and 21 sampling points were designed in the reservoir to collect water samples in April, August, and December according to the above method. Extract DNA from aquatic organisms and extracellular vesicles, sequence them, and obtain the raw data of the sequencing sequence. And obtain the raw data of the macro proteome of extracellular vesicle associated proteins.