<b>Insights into the phylogeny of longhorn beetles from phylogenomic data</b>

The Cerambycidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) are a widely distributed and economically significant group of insects. Despite substantial efforts and some advancements in inferring the phylogeny of Cerambycidae, high-level phylogenetic relationships within the family, including subfamily and tribe-level classification, remain contentious. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing on a total of 65 species, including 58 species from four subfamilies within Cerambycidae s. str., two outgroup species from closely related Disteniidae and five outgroup species from distantly related Chrysomelidae. We integrated this comprehensive genomic data with existing whole-genome and transcriptome data to conduct a phylogenetic analysis of Cerambycidae s. str.. The results supported the monophyly of Lamiinae, Cerambycinae, and Spondylidinae, while Lepturinae and Prioninae were found to be non-monophyletic. Lamiinae was recovered as the sister group to all other Cerambycidae s. str.. Spondylidinae was found to be sister to the (Lepturinae + Necydalinae) clade. Cerambycinae was identified as the sister group to the clade comprising Prioninae + Parandrinae. Within Lamiinae, the tribes Mesosini, Saperdini, and Dorcaschematini were found to be monophyletic. However, Acanthocinini, Agapanthiini, Pogonocherini, Pteropliini, Lamiini, and Monochamini were non-monophyletic. This study supported the classification of integrating the current Monochamini into Lamiini. Molecular dating analysis suggests that diversification within Cerambycidae s. str. began at the boundary between the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, around 145 Mya.