SON controls mouse early embryonic development by regulating RNA splicing and histone methylation

Thousands of genes are activated at later 2-cell embryos, which means that numerous pre-mRNAs are generated during this time. These pre-mRNAs must be accurately spliced to ensure that the mature mRNAs are translated to functional proteins. However, little is known about the roles of pre-mRNA splicing and cellular factors modulating pre-mRNA splicing during early embryonic development. Here, we report that downregulation of SON, a large Ser/Arg (SR)-related protein, reduced embryonic development and caused deficient blastomere cleavage. These embryonic developmental defects resulted from dysregulated nuclear speckle organization and pre-mRNA splicing of a set of cell-cycle-related genes. Furthermore, SON downregulation disturbed the transcriptome (2128 upregulation and 1399 downregulation) in 4-cell embryos. Increased H3K4me3, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 levels were found in 4-cell embryos after SON downregulation. Taken together, those results demonstrate that accurate pre-mRNA splicing is essential for early embryonic development, and SON plays important roles on nuclear speckle organization, pre-mRNA splicing, the transcriptome establishment and histone methylation reprogramming during early embryonic development. Overall design: In order to study the roles of SON on mice early embryonic development, we microinjeted siRNA of SON into zygotes to knockdown SON lelvel.