A dataset of distribution changes of natural rubber plantations in Hainan Island from 2000 to 2020

This dataset is based on the Landsat TM/OLI image data of Hainan Island from 1998 to 2022 obtained from Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, combined with the data of the third National Land survey report and field survey data. Data set of distribution change of natural rubber plantations in Hainan Island in 5 periods from 2000 to 2020 was obtained by random forest classification method. The accuracy evaluation showed that the overall accuracy was 96.93%, the producer's accuracy was 89.10%, the user's accuracy was 94.72%, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.90. The results of model extraction show that the rubber plantations area of Hainan Island has an obvious growth trend, from 3661.65km2 in 2000 to 7422.02km2 in 2020.The dataset contains the rubber plantations distribution data of Hainan Island, covering the data of 5 periods and the rubber forest distribution information of 18 cities and counties in Hainan Island in 2020. Users can open and use the data set directly in common GIS software. The data set can be used to calculate the biomass and carbon storage of rubber plantations and understand their dynamic changes. At the same time, by analyzing the influence of rubber plantations area change on land cover type, we can further understand its impact on ecological environment and carry out ecological quality evaluation and other studies.