Food Insecurity Experience Scale 2021 - Antigua and Barbuda

Abstract
---------------------------

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 2.1 commits countries to end hunger, ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year around. Indicator 2.1.2, “Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)”, provides internationally-comparable estimates of the proportion of the population facing difficulties in accessing food. More detailed background information is available at http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/ .

The FIES-based indicators are compiled using the FIES survey module, containing 8 questions. Two indicators can be computed:
1. The proportion of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity (SDG indicator 2.1.2),
2. The proportion of the population experiencing severe food insecurity.

These data were collected by FAO through the Gallup World Poll. General information on the methodology can be found here: https://www.gallup.com/178667/gallup-world-poll-work.aspx. National institutions can also collect FIES data by including the FIES survey module in nationally representative surveys.

Microdata can be used to calculate the indicator 2.1.2 at national level. Instructions for computing this indicator are described in the methodological document available under the "DOCUMENTATION" tab above. Disaggregating results at sub-national level is not encouraged because estimates will suffer from substantial sampling and measurement error.

Geographic coverage
---------------------------

National coverage

Analysis unit
---------------------------

Individuals

Universe
---------------------------

Individuals of 15 years or older.

Kind of data
---------------------------

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
---------------------------

A sampling quota of at least 200 observations per each Administrative 1 areas is set:
Exclusions: NA
Design effect: NA

Mode of data collection
---------------------------

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Cleaning operations
---------------------------

Statistical validation assesses the quality of the FIES data collected by testing their consistency with the assumptions of the Rasch model. This analysis involves the interpretation of several statistics that reveal 1) items that do not perform well in a given context, 2) cases with highly erratic response patterns, 3) pairs of items that may be redundant, and 4) the proportion of total variance in the population that is accounted for by the measurement model.

Sampling error estimates
---------------------------

The margin of error is estimated as NA. This is calculated around a proportion at the 95% confidence level. The maximum margin of error was calculated assuming a reported percentage of 50% and takes into account the design effect.

Data appraisal
---------------------------

Since the population with access to mobile telephones is likely to differ from the rest of the population with respect to their access to food, post-hoc adjustments were made to control for the potential resulting bias. Post-stratification weights were built to adjust the sample distribution by gender and education of the respondent at admin-1 level, to match the same distribution in the total population. However, an additional step was needed to try to ascertain the food insecurity condition of those with access to phones compared to that of the total population.

Using FIES data collected by FAO through the GWP between 2014 and 2019, and a variable on access to mobile telephones that was also in the dataset, it was possible to compare the prevalence of food insecurity at moderate or severe level, and severe level only, of respondents with access to a mobile phone to that of the total population at national level.

摘要
---------------------------
可持续发展目标（SDG）2.1项要求各国致力于终结饥饿，确保全年所有人都能获得安全、营养充足的食物。指标2.1.2，即‘基于粮食不安全体验量表（FIES）的粮食不安全普遍率’，提供了关于面临食物获取困难的人口比例的国际可比估计。更详细的背景信息可在http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/ 获取。

基于FIES的指标是通过FIES调查模块编制的，包含8个问题。可以计算两个指标：
1. 经历中度高或严重粮食不安全的人口比例（SDG指标2.1.2），
2. 经历严重粮食不安全的人口比例。

这些数据由FAO通过盖洛普世界民意调查收集。有关方法的详细信息可在此处找到：https://www.gallup.com/178667/gallup-world-poll-work.aspx。国家机构也可以通过在国家代表性调查中包含FIES调查模块来收集FIES数据。

微观数据可用于在国家层面计算指标2.1.2。计算此指标的说明可在上述“文档”标签下的方法学文件中找到。不鼓励在次国家层面进行结果分解，因为估计将受到大量抽样和测量误差的影响。

地理覆盖范围
---------------------------
国家覆盖

分析单位
---------------------------
个人

总体
---------------------------
15岁或以上个人。

数据类型
---------------------------
样本调查数据[ssd]

抽样程序
---------------------------
为每个行政一级地区设定至少200个观察值的抽样配额：
排除项：NA
设计效应：NA

数据收集方式
---------------------------
计算机辅助电话访谈[cati]

清洗操作
---------------------------
统计验证通过测试FIES数据与Rasch模型假设的一致性来评估其质量。该分析涉及解释多个统计量，这些统计量揭示了1）在特定背景下表现不佳的项目，2）具有高度异常响应模式的案例，3）可能重复的项目对，以及4）由测量模型解释的总体方差的比例。

抽样误差估计
---------------------------
误差范围估计为NA。这是在95%置信水平下围绕比例计算的。最大误差范围是在假设报告百分比为50%的情况下计算的，并考虑了设计效应。

数据评估
---------------------------
由于能够使用移动电话的人口可能与其他人口在获取食物方面存在差异，因此对后处理进行了调整，以控制潜在的结果偏差。构建了后分层权重，以通过性别和受访者在行政一级的教育程度调整样本分布，以匹配总人口中的相同分布。然而，还需要额外一步来尝试确定能够使用手机的人群的粮食不安全状况与总人口相比。

使用2014年至2019年通过GWP收集的FIES数据和数据集中的移动电话接入变量，可以比较拥有手机且在中等或严重程度以及仅严重程度上面临粮食不安全问题的受访者的普遍率，以及国家层面的总人口。