Model outcomes for the surgical interventions examined using the individual-based model describing dog population dynamics in Villa de Tezontepec, Hidalgo Mexico.

For each intervention, the model was run 1000 times with the outcome of interest being the total dog population size after 20 years. Outcomes are aggregated across all model iterations and summarized as mean population size, standard deviation, median population size, range, and relative change compared to the no intervention scenario.