Stable Anti-Reflection and Self-Cleaning Coating via Facile Fabrication Enhancing Perovskite Solar Cell Efficiency and Industrial Scalability

Recently, the development of high-performance anti-reflective
and
self-cleaning (AR-SC) coatings for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has
attracted considerable attention. However, conventional AR-SC coatings
typically rely on high-temperature sintering, complex nanostructuring,
vacuum deposition, or photolithographyprocesses that are costly,
difficult to scale, and often limited to a single functionality. In
this work, we present a novel low-temperature-processable and mechanically
robust composite coating comprising methyl methacrylate and silicone
resin (MMA@MQ), which is prepared via simple magnetic stirring and
applied without energy-intensive curing. When optimized and deposited
by spin-coating, the MMA@MQ layer markedly improves optical transmittance
(from 79.02 to 85.94% on FTO) and confers strong hydrophobicity (water
contact angle increased from 21.14 to 103.97°). Integrated into
PSCs, it increases the power conversion efficiency from 20.27 to 21.25%.
Importantly, we demonstrate the feasibility of scalable fabrication
using industry-compatible methods such as dip-coating and scraping,
achieving a similar performance. We further propose a “Performance
Triangle” to guide future industrial development of AR-SC coatings,
balancing optical, self-cleaning, and stability metrics for maximal
energy yield in real-world photovoltaic applications. This work offers
a facile, scalable, and low-cost strategy to simultaneously achieve
multiple functions and durability of AR-SC coatings, thereby facilitating
their commercialization.