Park 16S

Urban parks are an important part of urban ecosystem and are closely related to human health. However, the biological pollution of urban parks - pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) - has been poorly reported at present. In this study, 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing methods were integrated, and further metagenomic assembly was used to study the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and ARGs in soil and water of nine parks in Lanzhou urban area, and to explore the transmission of these substances to human body. Our results revealed that there was no excess of heavy metals in the soil of the parks, but nitrogen pollution in the water was serious and universal. From the perspective of drug resistance types and mechanisms, the most important type of drug resistance in the urban parks is multidrug resistance, with diverse resistance mechanisms . ARGs community in water was mainly affected by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and bacteria, while ARGs community in soil was mainly affected by bacteria. It is worth noting that cross-species transmission may exist among some high-risk ARGs. The bacterial genomes carrying ARGs and MGEs were assembled, indicating a possibility that MGEs could carry ARGs and virulence factors transferred among different environments, espeically from water/soil environment to human body. Our results provided referential basis for the environmental management of urban parks.