Feature comparison.

With the rapid development of smart cities, e-government has emerged as a key application of information and communication technology (ICT). However, current e-government systems face challenges such as data redundancy and privacy breaches during the authentication process. To address these challenges, this research innovatively proposes an authentication scheme based on electronic identity (eID) cards and blockchain smart contracts. Users generate digital signatures using eID cards, and the smart contract automatically verifies the validity of the signature and checks the certificate status. The blockchain only stores government public keys for authentication, without retaining any user privacy data, thereby eliminating the risk of privacy breaches at the source. Additionally, this solution can automatically complete authentication without manual intervention, reducing the likelihood of human errors. It also provides a unified smart contract interface that can be widely applied in various e-government scenarios. Performance and security analyses indicate that this scheme can effectively resist common attacks and minimize privacy leakage risks, significantly enhancing the practical security of e-government systems.