Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire 2002 - Lesotho

Abstract
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The Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire (CWIQ) Survey is part of the efforts being made by the Bureau of Statistics (BOS) to provide Statistical Information timely to the government as part of the framework for monitoring Poverty Reduction programmes. The CWIQ technique had been developed by the World Bank in collaboration with other development partners and it was to circumvent the problem of delayed processing of African Surveys. CWIQ uses the technology of optical scanner to capture the survey data and thereby fastens the data processing and hence quick publication of the results.

The objectives of the current National CWIQ Survey were:
(i) Elaborating main indicators for social welfare and basic needs of the socio-economic groups of the population.
(ii) Identifying target groups for benefiting special action programs designed by decision makers to address their needs.
(iii) Monitoring changes happening in the welfare of the households overtime.
(iv) Providing a database for social research.
(v) Elaborating on numerous sector programs aimed at improving the welfare of the population across the country. In order to prepare these programs, it is always necessary to identify the problems to be addressed by the policies and to know to which extent the population is affected by these problems.
(vi) Building up models to stimulate the global impact of policy choices and the distribution of the impact.

Geographic coverage
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The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents) through out the country.

Analysis unit
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- Households
- Individuals
- Children

Universe
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National

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The CWIQ main survey was conducted as a module of national household survey capability programme (NHSCP) run by the Bureau of Statistics. The desire had been to keep the design as simple as possible, so a two-stage sample design was employed. Enumeration Areas (E.A.s) were the first stage sampling units and the Households (HH's) were the second stage sampling units. A minimum of 400-500 households represented an adequate sample size to give reliable domain estimates. Therefore for each domain 25 clusters were advocated with a “take” of 20 households per cluster. However for Maseru urban an additional 200 households in 10 clusters were taken. The total national sample was made up of:

a. (500*10) = 5000 households.
b. Maseru urban additional 200 households in 10 clusters. Total was 5200 households.

In each district the sample was distributed over rural and urban areas in the ratio of 2:1 respectively so as to obtain reasonable sample sizes in the urban to give urban/rural estimates in each district. Currently the rural/urban distribution is about 4:1.

The design was to select the E.A.s rather than the PSUs, which were selected during the pilot survey. The reason was that the PSUs were too large, thus making supervision very difficult. Additional costs were incurred in traveling within the PSU in terms of time and fuel consumption. This resulted in the extended time to finish the fieldwork. The E.A.s were more compact clusters and most of the problems experienced in the pilot were eliminated.

Since the E.A.s were delineated for the 1996 population census, household listing was absolutely essential before the selection of the households. It was more convenient and cost effective to list the households within an E.A. rather than listing in the whole Psu as was the case in the pilot survey.

The master sample was a proportional allocation of the PSU's to the districts. The design according to the master sample would have made the design unsuitable for district estimates as some districts notably Quthing, Qacha's Nek, Mokhotlong and Thaba-Tseka would have inadequate sample sizes to give reliable estimates at the district level.

In order to have the same margin of error for all districts, the design had aimed at selecting equal number of E.A.s for each district.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The main survey instruments used for data collection were the generic CWIQ designed by the World Bank with some few modifications. A survey manual appropriately modified (also developed by the World Bank) served as a complement to the CWIQ and was in fact the main instructional manual used in training the staff. The measuring boards and measuring scales were used to measure the height and weight of the children respectively. Notebooks were supplied to the field staff to record the experiences that affected their work.

Response rate
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Out of a total sample of 5200 households, 4954 respondents responded giving a response rate of about 95.3. The 4.7% non-response was made up of “not found” households and a few refusals. The rural response rate was 97.8% as against 94.7% in the urban.

摘要
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核心福利指标问卷（CWIQ）调查是统计局（BOS）为及时向政府提供统计信息，作为监测减贫计划框架的一部分所付出的努力。CWIQ技术是由世界银行与其它发展合作伙伴共同研发，旨在解决非洲调查数据处理延迟的问题。CWIQ采用光学扫描技术捕捉调查数据，从而加快数据处理速度，并迅速发布结果。

本次全国CWIQ调查的目标包括：
(i) 制定反映社会福祉和基本需求的主要指标，针对人口社会经济群体。
(ii) 确定决策者设计的针对特定需求而制定的特殊行动计划的受益目标群体。
(iii) 监测随时间推移家庭福利的变化。
(iv) 为社会研究提供数据库。
(v) 制定旨在提高全国人口福利的众多部门计划的详细内容。为了准备这些计划，始终有必要确定政策要解决的问题，并了解人口受到这些问题的程度。
(vi) 建立模型以模拟政策选择对全球的影响及其影响分布。

地理覆盖范围
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调查覆盖了全国所有法定家庭成员（常驻居民）。

分析单元
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- 家庭
- 个人
- 儿童

总体
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全国

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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CWIQ主要调查作为统计局运行的全国家庭调查能力计划（NHSCP）的一部分进行。目的是使设计尽可能简单，因此采用了两阶段样本设计。统计区域（E.A.s）是第一阶段抽样单位，家庭（HH's）是第二阶段抽样单位。至少400-500户家庭构成了一个足够大的样本量，可以提供可靠的领域估计。因此，每个领域建议有25个簇，每个簇20户。然而，在马塞卢城市，额外抽取了10个簇中的200户。全国总样本由以下部分组成：
a. (500*10) = 5000户。
b. 马塞卢城市额外200户在10个簇中。总计5200户。

在每个地区，样本在农村和城市地区按2:1的比例分配，以便在每个地区获得合理的城市样本量，以提供城市/农村估计。目前，农村/城市分布约为4:1。

设计是为了选择E.A.s而不是试点调查期间选择的PSUs，原因是PSUs太大，使得监督非常困难。在PSU内部旅行产生了额外的成本，涉及时间和燃料消耗。这导致了现场工作的延长。E.A.s是更紧凑的簇，试点调查中遇到的大部分问题都得到了消除。

由于E.A.s是为1996年人口普查划定的，因此在选择家庭之前进行家庭清单编制是绝对必要的。在E.A.内编制家庭清单比在试点调查中在整个PSU内编制更方便、成本效益更高。

主样本是对PSU的按比例分配到地区。根据主样本的设计将使设计不适合进行地区估计，因为一些地区，特别是库提宁、卡查的奈克、莫霍特龙和塔巴-塞卡，将没有足够的样本量来在地区层面上提供可靠的估计。

为了使所有地区的误差范围相同，设计旨在为每个地区选择相同数量的E.A.s。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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用于数据收集的主要调查工具是由世界银行设计的通用CWIQ，并进行了一些修改。一份经过适当修改的调查手册（也是由世界银行开发）作为CWIQ的补充，实际上是用于培训员工的主体指导手册。测量板和测量尺用于测量儿童的高度和体重。为现场工作人员提供了笔记本，以记录影响他们工作经历。

回应率
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在总计5200户家庭中，4954名受访者进行了回应，回应率约为95.3%。4.7%的非回应包括“找不到”的家庭和一些拒绝的情况。农村的回应率为97.8%，而城市的回应率为94.7%。