E4C | Photovoltaic modules outdoor characterisation and modelling

Photovoltaic production depends on many factors starting from the choice of the PV technology and the conditions to which PV modules will be exposed in terms of exposure to sunlight, temperature, dirt, shading, atmospheric water (humidity, rain, snow, dew, frost) and the surrounding environment.PV modules are usually qualified by the manufacturers under controlled laboratory conditions (known as the Standard Test Conditions, STC, and Normal Operating Conditions, NOC), which are useful to assess and compare the performance in a standardized way, but which might radically differ from real-life conditions.