Homo sapiens Raw sequence reads

The postoperative complications are the main obstacles for the lung and heart-lung transplant recipients (LTRs) to survival, among which, infection and rejection are the most two common ones and are the leading causes of death. The treatment strategy is crucial to save the life with relying on the correct diagnosis. However, it is hard to differentiate one from the other in the real clinical settings. Plasma dDonor-derived cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (dd-cfDNA) in the plasma has been suggested to be an indicatora biomarker of allograft rejection, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has recently been adopted for detecting pathogens in infectious diseases. This study was aimed to assess the aligned application of dd-cfDNA and mNGS to differentiate rejection from infection among this population.