Raw data for maize sustainability indicators, China, 2011–2020

This dataset provides the intermediate variables, derived-indicator calculations, and final indicator matrix used to evaluate China’s maize industry security at the national level for 2011–2020. It supports the multi-criteria indicator framework and reproducible computation pipeline reported in the associated manuscript, including robustness checks under alternative weighting/normalization schemes. Although some cited source publications span years beyond 2020, only the 2011–2020 series were extracted and used to ensure a consistent study period.The dataset is organized as a set of supplementary tables:• Table S1: Robustness checks for the maize industry security index under alternative weighting (e.g., entropy, CRITIC) and alternative normalization (e.g., z-score, min–max).<br>• Tables S2–S13: Annual time series (2011–2020) of inputs/intermediate variables and computed values for the twelve core indicators (x1–x12), covering four dimensions: supply fundamentals, market operation, technological support, and resource–environment conditions.<br>• Table S10a: National annual total factor productivity series (x9) aggregated from provincial DEA–Malmquist results (used directly in index construction).<br>• Table S12a–S12: Emission factors, intermediate calculations, and the final CO₂-equivalent emissions intensity series (x11) adopted in the main-text index construction (with an explicit harmonization mapping).Supplementary_material• Table S14: Final indicator matrix (x1–x12, 2011–2020) used for normalization, weighting, and composite index aggregation.• Figure S1. Normalized comparison of the overall index and four sub-indices (2011–2020).• Pearson correlations among the overall maize industry security index and the four dimension sub-indices (2011–2020).<br>Derived indicators and key computational steps (notably x4 price volatility risk, x9 TFP via DEA–Malmquist with sown-area aggregation, and x11 emissions intensity) are documented in the supplementary methods to enable replication of the reported index values.All data are compiled from publicly available, authoritative statistical sources (official yearbooks/compendiums and national platforms as cited in the manuscript and supplementary tables). The dataset contains no personal, confidential, or sensitive information. It can be reused to replicate the study, update maize industry security assessments for later years, or adapt the same indicator-based approach to other crops with comparable statistics.