Studies of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and carriage in Africa (n = 9,549).

w-weeks, m-months, y-years, RD- Risk difference- Risk in the PCV vaccinated group minus the risk in the control group calculated in Stata, PPV-Polyvalent polysaccharide vaccine, ns- not stated,a children who received PCV 5 in an RCT and controls matched with age and place of residence who did not receive PCV, PCVb+c received b+c doses of PCV doses withb for the primary series andc for booster dose,d includes vaccine associated serotypes.e received PCV7 at 6, 10 and 14 weeks,f received PCV7 at 6, 10 and 14 weeks or at 0, 10 and 14 weeks,g Overall carriage for both groups,h 4–6 months after vaccination,i 22 months after vaccination;these three studies were not included in the meta-analysis (in these 3 studies, both groups received PCV).P-value obtained using Fisher's exact test.