Performance of sponge iron-enhanced sequencing batch reactor to enrich autotrophic/aerobic denitrifying bacteria for simultaneous denitrification

Sponge iron (SFe) coupled with sludge system has great potential to improve biological denitrification, but the mechanism was not fully understood. In this study, the denitrification performance and microbial characteristics of an ordinary sludge system and a SFe-sludge system were investigated.