Results of the interrupted time series analysis of changes in dispensation of antimicrobials in the LUH between 2012 and 2020, associated with the introduction of ISGs and other antibiotic-specific interventions.

For fluoroquinolones: Two warning letters [“Rote-Hand-Briefe”] issued by the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM) in October 2018 and April 2019 warning about serious adverse effects of fluoroquinolones; for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole: The introduction of routine real-time PCR for the diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia [PCP]). Psychiatric units, pediatric units and outpatient departments were excluded from the analysis.